The Multiple Molecular Signatures in Gallbladder Carcinoma: from Basic Studies to Clinical Application

Author(s): Zibo Yin, Guowei Yang, Bowen Qian, Tingming Liang, Li Guo

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a malignant tumor in gastrointestinal system. In this review, we mainly focus on three molecular levels to illuminate the potential molecular mechanisms in gallbladder carcinoma. First, we review genes with mutation and methylation associated with occurrence and development of GBC. Second, we review non-coding RNA and key differential genes at the transcript level, especially for their interactions. Third, we review crucial proteins in GBC. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges of these molecular signatures in clinical applications. Finally, we discuss potential application of these crucial genes in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of GBC.