Treatment Experience of Total Atelectasis with Endotracheal Tube: Case Series
Article Information
Ayse Sahin Tutak1*, Huseyin Avni Findikli1, Ercan Cil2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Adiyaman University of Medical, Adiyaman, Turkey
2Department of Chest Diseases, Adiyaman University of Medical, Adiyaman, Turkey
*Corresponding Author: Ayse Sahin Tutak, Department of Internal Medicine, Adiyaman University of Medical, Adiyaman, Turkey
Received: 28 November 2018; Accepted: 10 December 2018; Published: 20 December 2018
Citation:
Ayse Sahin Tutak, Huseyin Avni Findikli, Ercan Cil. Treatment Experience of Total Atelectasis with Endotracheal Tube: Case Series. Archives of Internal Medicine Research 1 (2018): 015-019.
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In cases where patient portable bronchoscopy is damaged or absance, a process that we think can be used endotracheal intubation method to treat total atelectasis . Total preliminary unprepared 10-15 minutes can be done with an experienced team. It is a process that can be carried out with mild sedation and patient is able to maintain saturation 90-95 with nasal oxygen after the procedure. In the absence of treatment of the patient with total or near total atelectasis , due to respiratory failure and aggravated pneumonia and mortality rates will increase. This article, when intensive care unit (ICU) bronchoscopy is impaired we performed three patients with right and left lung total atelectasis pre and post interventional procedure chest radiographs were evaluated.
Keywords
Atelectasis, Intensive care unit (ICU), Endotrachealtube (ETT)
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Article Details
Introduction
Atelectasis is a non-ventilated lung parenchyma. One of the most common causes of treatment bronchoscopy in patients Intensive care unit (ICU), cleaning of the main bronch inputs secondary to mucus plaques and coagulums
In cases where tracheal aspirations are not sufficient bronchoscopy makes an important contribution [2]. Viscous mucus plaques and coagulums ,obstruct the lobe and segment mouths. This patients with pulmonary reserve already not well. The most important reason of hypoxemia is the decrease in volume.The most common cause of atelectasis in critically ill patients, with abnormal chest x-ray, mucus plaques and accumulation of mostly bronchial secretions and develop due to decreased cough activity [3]. Bronchoscopy secretion for cleaning purposes have seen only 44% of patients achieved success [4].
We have in current low number of specialists in chest diseases, insufficient number of bronchoscopy or failure of timely maintenance, as a result of bronchoscopy can not be performed in atelectasis patients at any time. In this article, 3 patients with atelectasis who are intubated and extubated by endotrachealtube (ETT), who cannot be opened by deep tracheal aspiration and postural drainage are evaluated.
2. Case Series
2.1 Case 1
77 years old lady. The patient with right hemiparesis deformity, ICU was diagnosed with pneumonia. While under antibiotic therapy 4 days of hospitalization take a chest X-ray right total atelectasis detected patient. Since bronchoscopy was defective, the patien twas given a midazolom intravenous dose of 2 mg and titrated the dose. After mild sedation is provided to the patient, her was intubated with ETT 7.5. ETT lip level was lowered to 22 cm, then to 28 cm before the intervening procedure. Dry wet aspiration with 0.9% NaCl was performed, while manual ventilation with ambu. The process was repeated 5-6 times in total. The procedure took 10 minutes and the patients oxygen saturation did not fall below 75. After the interventional process, chest x-ray (Figure 1) showed that the right main broncus was opened and patients were observed to monitor oxygen saturation at 90-95.
Figure 1: Case 1 lung graphs taken before and after the procedure.
2.2 Case 2
A 71-year-old female patient with Alzheimer’s diagnosed respiratory distress was admitted to ICU admission. Chestradiography showed left total atelectasis. Because bronchoscopy was impaired, mild sedation was achieved with midazolom. He was intubated with ETT 7.5. While ETT lip level was 20 cm, aspiration and ventilation with manuelambu were provided. Then the patient is turned to the left side and the lip level of the tube is lowered to 28 cm.The procedure took 10-15 minutes and the patient’s oxygen saturation did not fall below 75. After the interventional process, chest x-ray (Figure 2) showed that the left main broncus was opened and patients were observed to monitor oxygen saturation at 90-95.
2.3 Case 3
84-year-old male patient with congestive heart failure and chronic renal failure, chest radiography revealed diffuse opacity in the left lung (atelectasis??). Since bronchoscopy was defective, the patient was given a midazolom
intravenous dose of 2 mg and titrated the dose. After mild sedation is provided to the patient, her was intubated with ETT 8. While ETT lip level was 22 cm, aspiration and ventilation with manuel ambu were provided. Then the patient is turned to the left side and the lip level of the tube is lowered to 28 cm. The procedure took 10-15 minutes and the patients oxygen saturation did not fall below 75-80. When the procedure ends without any complications. In the control lung x-ray there was a pleural effusion up to the middle zone starting from the basal. Seen upper and middle zone ventile parenchyma (Figure 3).
Figure 2: Case 2 lung graphs taken before and after the procedure.
Figure 3: Case 3 lung graphs taken before and after the procedure.
3. Discussion
Internal Diseases ICU patients are mostly elderly patients with low muscle strength and chronic diseases. In this group of patients, atelectasis and associated infections are common. Bronchoscopy ICU can be used frequently for examination and treatment. With bronchoscopy, the doctor can see the surface of the bronchi, open the coagulom plugs, and take samples from the bronchial mucosa. Before the addition of humidification units to the mechanical ventilator system, routine 0.9% NaCl is used in endotracheal aspiration applications in intensive care units [5]. The patient can be aspirated by with both dry aspiration and 0.9% NaCl. There are studies showing that the administration of 0.9% NaCl salin aspiration in the literature is effective in the removal of secretions. There are contrasting views suggesting that this practice may lead to a reduction in arterial saturation and the transport of contaminated materials to deeper alveoli. In our cases, they were found to benefit from wet and dry aspiration through ETT.
In our patients, atelectasis did not improve despite postural drainage and deep traceal aspiration, so bronchoscopy was planned. Bronchoscopy could not be completed becaused efective bronchoscopy. Patients could not be referred to another center because of poor condition. This interventional process was applied to the patient whose oksijen saturation started to decrease. Thanks to this interventional process, ETT was aspirated at the level of the maim bronch through the tube reaching the right or left main bronchus according to the position we had given to the patient after aspiration from the carina level. We think that atelectasis can be opened with compressed air by manuel ambu [6], it may be useful in those who do not benefit from aspiration. Aspiration procedure with ETT, It is an effective method for the removal of airway secretions in all patients related to the atelectasis.
In summary, frequently bronchoscopy ICU can be used for examination and treatment. To purpose aspirate the patient through ETT, can be used as an alternative method in atelectasis patients when we can not do bronchoscopy.
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