Gestational Gigantomastia
Article Information
Aruna Singh MD1, Lokesh Singh MD2, Ashima Arora MD1*
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
2Department of Radio diagnosis, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
*Corresponding Author: Ashima Arora MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Received: 23 October 2020; Accepted: 09 November 2020; Published: 07 December 2020
Citation: Aruna Singh, Lokesh Singh, Ashima Arora. Gestational Gigantomastia. Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports 4 (2020): 1208-1210.
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Gestational Gigantomastia; Enlarged breasts
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Article Details
A 28-year-old primigravida with oligohydraminos and IUGR presented for her first prenatal visit at 35 weeks of gestation with complains of severe back pain, marked breast enlargement and tenderness. The patient reported that breast enlargement started at 5 months of gestation and was the first time she had experienced excessive breast enlargement. No significant past medical history was present. She reported that her breast size prior to pregnancy was around 32B and estimates her breasts are now 10 times bigger during this pregnancy. Physical exam revealed bilateral enlarged breasts with presence of an ulcer of 3-4 cm over right upper inner quadrant (Figure 1). Serum prolactin levels were normal. Other laboratory investigations were also unremarkable. Ultrasound of breast revealed skin thickening and dilated ducts and vascular structures. A biopsy was performed from the right breast which suggested atypical lobular hyperplasia. Patient refused for breast reduction surgery. Planned induction of labour was done at 37 weeks, however it was converted to caesarean section due to fetal distress. A live born boy with weight of 2.2 kg was delivered. No complications were seen. Patient was discharged and kept on follow up with reduction of up to sixty percent in size of breasts after 6 weeks post partum.
Figure 1: Clinical image of patient showing massively enlarged breasts with ulceration.
Gestational gigantomastia is a rare and debilitating condition which is characterized by massive enlargement of the breasts with associated tissue necrosis or haemorrhage and psychosocial implications [1, 2]. GG is an uncommon disease and the exact pathophysiology is not clear. The risk factors reported are Caucasian women, multiparity, occurrence in prior pregnancy and association with autoimmune diseases [2, 3]. The majority of cases are bilateral and seen in early pregnancy. The condition is benign and may mimic malignancy due to rapid enlargement and skin edema. Sometimes a biopsy should be done if high clinical suspicion of malignancy is seen [3].
Treatment is still controversial and modalities include medical management with bromocriptine and surgical breast reduction. In our case, the patient opted for watchful observation without treatment and was kept on follow up. There was significant reduction in breast size at a 6 month follow up.
Conflicts of Interest
Nil
Funding
Nil
References
- Swelstad MR, Swelstad BB, Rao VK, et al. Management of gestational gigantomastia. Plast Reconstr Surg 118 (2006): 840-848.
- Dem A, Wone H, Faye ME, et al. Bilateral gestational macromastia: case report. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 38 (2009): 254-257.
- Mangla M, Singla D. Gestational Gigantomastia: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. J Midlife Health 8 (2017): 40-44.