Sustainable Clinical Management of Dental Caries: A Global Snapshot of Prevalence, Prognosis and Management

Author(s): Ashwin M. Jawdekar, Ketki J Shirke and Monjori Mitra*

Dental caries is a prevalent global health issue, affecting approximately 2.5 billion individuals worldwide. It is the most common biofilm-dependent disease, with a significant increase in cases over the past decade. This review explores dental caries’ aetiology, prevention, and management, focusing on both fluoride and non-fluoride preventive measures. Caries development involves a dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization, influenced by various factors including diet, oral hygiene, and socio-economic conditions. Early childhood caries, often resulting from improper feeding practices and high sugar intake, remains a major concern. This manuscript also examines advanced diagnostic methods and the role of artificial intelligence in detecting and managing caries. AIdriven tools show promise in improving accuracy and efficiency in caries detection and treatment planning. Non-fluoridated formulations such as nanohydroxyapatite and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate are highlighted for their remineralization potential, providing alternatives to traditional fluoride-based treatments. Emphasizing the role of pediatricians in early intervention and education, this review underscores the importance of a collaborative approach in promoting oral health and preventing dental caries from early childhood through adulthood.

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