Simple Congenital Ptosis and Maternal Immune Factors

Author(s): Konstantin Gushansky

Introduction: Congenital ptosis, characterized by eyelid drooping, poses significant risks to visual development, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and intervention. While several risk factors are known, many cases remain idiopathic. This pilot study aims to explore additional obstetric risk factors associated with simple congenital ptosis (SCP).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, analyzing electronic records of mothers and newborns from 2002 to 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed SCP diagnosed before 3 months without established ptosis etiologies or known risk factors.

Results: 51 SCP cases were identified, showing distinctions in gestational age (38.5±2.6 weeks), birth weight (2998±506 gr), and a higher incidence of preterm births (15.7%) compared to the general population. Intrapartum fever incidence was notably elevated (5.9%) in SCP cases, whereas GBS carrier status and CMV infection rates were similar to the general population.

Conclusion: This study highlights intriguing associations between SCP and obstetric factors, particularly intrapartum fever and younger gestational age. The findings suggest a potential link between immune compromise and SCP pathophysiology, warranting further investigation. Despite limitations, these insights could enhance early detection and management of congenital ptosis, potentially averting vision-related complications.