Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Malaria and Anemia Among Pregnant Women Accessing Antenatal Care at the Limbe Regional hospital, Southwest Region of Cameroon

Author(s): Bejolefack Neola Asongafac, Nicoline Fri Tanih, Seraphine Mojoko Eko, Takamo Peter, Walters Ndaka, Anna Njunda Londoh, Abdel Jelil Njouendou

Background: Malaria remains a major global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, with high morbidity and mortality among pregnant women and children. Vulnerable groups are also exposed to anemia, one of the most common hematological complications of pregnancy.

Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Limbe Regional Hospital, Southwest Region of Cameroon.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Microscopy was used to detect malaria parasites, while hemoglobin concentration was measured with an automated hematology analyzer. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify predictors.

Results: The mean age of participants was 29.4±5.4 years. Malaria and anemia prevalences were 37.21% (95% CI: 28.87–45.55) and 30.23% (95% CI: 22.31–38.16), respectively. Rural residence significantly predicted malaria (aOR=7.769, 95% CI: 3.653–19.481, p=0.001). History of miscarriage increased anemia risk (aOR=3.343, 95% CI:1.112–10.045, p=0.032). Non-use of insecticide-treated nets and low ANC attendance were also associated with higher odds of anemia.

Conclusion: The high burden of malaria and anemia highlights the need for improved ITN access, preventive treatment in rural settings, and early, frequent ANC visits.