Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnancies Managed Under the PPTCT Programme: A Retrospective Observational Study

Author(s): Vidhi Singh, Priyanka kanwaria, Ayushi Aggrawal

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy remains a significant public health concern due to its impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes. The Prevention of Parent-to-Child Transmission (PPTCT) programme aims to reduce vertical transmission and improve pregnancy outcomes through early diagnosis and comprehensive antenatal care.

Objectives: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies managed under the PPTCT programme over a five-year period and to identify factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 460 HIV-positive antenatal women registered under the PPTCT programme over a five-year period. Sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric profile, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, and pregnancy outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: Anaemia was the most common maternal morbidity (41.0%). The majority of women delivered vaginally (74.3%), and no maternal deaths were recorded. Low birth weight (25.2%) and preterm birth (18.9%) were the most frequent adverse perinatal outcomes. On multivariate analysis, third-trimester antenatal registration, fewer than four antenatal visits, maternal anaemia, and preterm labour were identified as independent predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes.

Conclusion: Pregnancies managed under the PPTCT programme demonstrated acceptable maternal and perinatal outcomes. Early antenatal registration, adequate antenatal visits, and effective management of maternal anaemia and preterm labour are crucial for improving perinatal outcomes among HIV-positive women.