L-shell X-ray Production Cross Sections Induced by Carbon Ions: A Review

Author(s): Ernest Ejeha, Morgan Madhukua, Faith Ochai-Ejehb, Audu Innocentc, Philip Sechogelaa

This review presents a comprehensive and critical analysis of L-shell X-ray production cross sections (XRPCS) induced by carbon ions in the MeV range, spanning a 23-year period from 2000 to 2023. The accurate determination of X-ray production cross sections holds significant importance in diverse applications, including Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), molecular and atomic physics, the development of new ion-atom collision theories, and the enhancement of existing ones that are currently trailing. This review focuses on recent advancements in XRPCS associated with carbon ions, particularly in the realm of heavy ion PIXE (HI-PIXE) applications within various scientific and biological domains. A thorough examination is undertaken to compare and contrast experimental data with established theories, including but not limited to PWBA, ECPSSR, ECUSAR, FBA, and SCA.